Bangladesh, known for its vibrant culture and rich history, has recently been the focus of international travel concerns due to political protests in Dhaka and other major cities. These demonstrations, often related to issues of corruption and opposition to the government led by Sheik Hasina, have sometimes resulted in clashes and violence. As a result, many countries have issued travel advisories for Bangladesh.
This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current situation in Bangladesh. It will delve into the roots of the ongoing crisis, examine the security situation in key regions, and discuss the government's efforts to ensure safety. Additionally, it will offer practical advice for travelers looking to navigate Bangladesh safely. By analyzing these aspects, readers will gain a clearer understanding of whether it is safe to travel to Bangladesh in the current climate.
Bottom Line Up Front: Geopolitical Report advises against traveling to Bangladesh at this time, due to ongoing political and security concerns.
Understanding the Current Crisis
Causes of Recent Unrest
The recent unrest in Bangladesh has its roots in a complex web of socio-economic and political issues. A key trigger was the reintroduction of a controversial quota system for government jobs, which sparked widespread student protests. This system, reserving 30% of positions for descendants of independence fighters, was seen as biased towards ruling party loyalists. The protests quickly escalated beyond the initial demands, reflecting deeper societal frustrations.
Economic challenges have also fueled discontent. With 28% of graduates unemployed in 2022, the lack of quality jobs for young people has become a pressing issue. Climate-induced problems have further exacerbated the situation, affecting agricultural production and employment in a sector that contributes 12% to GDP and employs 44% of the workforce.
Government Response and Changes
The government's response to the protests has been criticized as heavy-handed. Reports indicate that nearly 650 people were killed during the unrest. The use of force, including rubber bullets and tear gas, against protesters has been described as excessive and disproportionate by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
These actions led to a significant political shift. Prime Minister Sheik Hasina, who had been in power since 2009, resigned and fled the country. An interim government, led by Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus, has been installed. This change has brought about replacements in key positions, including the Chief Justice and Inspector General of Police.
International Reactions
The international community has expressed concern over the situation in Bangladesh. The United Nations has called for all parties to reject violence and respect human rights and the rule of law. The United States stated that the recent elections were not free or fair. Similarly, the United Kingdom expressed concern over the arrests of opposition party members and condemned acts of intimidation and violence during the campaign period.
Human Rights Watch has warned of fears of further crackdowns, highlighting the need for the government to reassure opposition supporters about the fairness of the electoral process.
Security Situation in Major Regions
Dhaka
The capital city of Bangladesh, Dhaka, faces several security challenges. Criminal gangs operate in the city, posing threats such as armed robbery, violent crime, and rape. Travelers should exercise caution, particularly when using public transportation. Passengers using rickshaws or traveling alone in taxis are vulnerable, especially at night. At Dhaka's international airport, risks include theft (including passport theft), harassment, and taxi drivers overcharging or robbing customers.
Chittagong
The Chittagong Hill Tracts, comprising the districts of Rangamati, Khagrachari, and Bandarban, are subject to travel warnings. The Australian Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) advises against all but essential travel to this area due to security concerns. Regular reports of violence and criminal activity, particularly in remote areas, contribute to the region's instability. Travelers planning to visit the Chittagong Hill Tracts must give the Bangladesh authorities ten days' notice.
Cox's Bazar
Cox's Bazar, home to the world's longest natural beach, experiences unique security challenges, especially during peak seasons like Eid when tourist numbers swell. The influx of Rohingya refugees in the southern part of Cox's Bazar district, particularly in the subdistricts of Ukhia and Teknaf, has created additional security concerns. Teknaf has the highest level of drug-related gang violence across Bangladesh, including murders, shooting incidents between gangs and police, drug seizures, and kidnappings. Violence has also increased in the refugee camps.
To navigate these regions safely, travelers should remain vigilant, avoid large gatherings, and follow the advice of local authorities. It's crucial to be aware of one's surroundings, particularly in areas with a police or security presence.
Government Efforts to Ensure Safety
Law enforcement measures
The government of Bangladesh has implemented various measures to ensure public safety. Law enforcement agencies are empowered to protect citizens and hold criminals accountable. The country's constitution guarantees the right to protection under the law for all citizens and individuals within Bangladesh. However, the use of force by law enforcement is regulated, with restrictions on actions detrimental to life, liberty, body, reputation, or property except in accordance with the law.
Counter-terrorism initiatives
Bangladesh has enacted the Antiterrorism Act of 2009, which serves as the basis for arresting and detaining terrorist suspects. The Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime Unit (CTTCU), Anti-Terrorism Unit (ATU), and Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) conduct raids and arrests against suspected militants. In 2021, the CTTCU investigated 40 cases and made 85 arrests, mostly in Dhaka. The government has also established Anti-Terrorism Tribunals (ATTs) to handle terrorism-related cases.
Diplomatic assurances
The government has made efforts to improve its counter-terrorism capabilities through international cooperation. The United States has provided training to Anti-Terrorism Tribunal judges and prosecutors on handling evidence, conducting investigations, and prosecuting terrorism cases. Bangladesh has also initiated e-passports and shares information with INTERPOL to enhance border security. The country participates in UN peacekeeping missions, adhering to UN guidelines and human rights screening procedures. These efforts demonstrate Bangladesh's commitment to addressing security concerns and improving its international standing in counter-terrorism initiatives.
Navigating Bangladesh Safely
Transportation safety
Travelers should exercise caution when using transportation in Bangladesh. Driving can be hazardous due to poor road conditions, aggressive drivers, and a high rate of accidents. The Bangladesh Road Transport Authority reports that over two million vehicles are not roadworthy, and more than 1.2 million drivers are unlicensed.
Public transportation also poses risks. Busses are often overcrowded, and some drivers may not fully stop for passengers to disembark. Train travel can be unsafe due to poor maintenance and the risk of derailments. For water transportation, ferry accidents due to overcrowding and capsizing are not uncommon.
To ensure safety, travelers should:
- Avoid driving at night and stick to well-lit, well-traveled roads.
- Use caution when hiring taxis, especially from airports.
- Avoid using public buses and trains when possible.
- Never board overcrowded boats or ferries.
Accommodation security
When selecting accommodation in Bangladesh, security should be a top priority. Several hotels in Dhaka have been assessed for security clearance. These include:
- Hotel Radisson Blue (Cantonment, Banani)
- Hotel Westin (Gulshan 2)
- Hotel Lake Shore (Gulshan-2)
- Amari Hotel (Gulshan-2)
- Sonargaon Hotel (Kawran Bazar)
- Hotel Le Meridian (Nikunja, Khilkhet, Airport Road)
Communication and internet access
Internet access in Bangladesh may be subject to restrictions during periods of unrest. As of late July, authorities were planning to restore limited broadband internet access across the country, with social media websites remaining restricted. Mobile internet services were expected to normalize at a later, unspecified date.
Travelers should stay informed about any internet restrictions and plan accordingly. It's advisable to have alternative communication methods in place and to monitor trusted local media for updates on internet access and other potential disruptions.
Conclusion
Traveling to Bangladesh requires careful consideration of the current political climate and security situation, and Geopolitical Report advises against traveling to the country. The country's ongoing challenges, including protests, economic issues, and regional security concerns, have an impact on the overall safety landscape for visitors. However, the government's efforts to enhance security measures and counter-terrorism initiatives demonstrate a commitment to improving safety conditions. This means that while risks exist, they can be managed with proper precautions and awareness.
To navigate Bangladesh safely, travelers should stay informed about the latest developments, follow local advice, and take necessary safety measures. This includes being cautious with transportation choices, selecting secure accommodation, and staying updated on potential communication restrictions. By weighing these factors and planning accordingly, visitors can make informed decisions about their travel to Bangladesh.
FAQs
Is it safe to travel to Bangladesh currently?
Due to the unstable security situation and ongoing civil unrest, travel to Bangladesh is not recommended at this time. The risk of protests and violent clashes is high, particularly in Dhaka and other major cities. Additionally, crime rates, including assaults, vandalism, and arson, have risen.
Do US citizens require a visa to visit Bangladesh?
Yes, US travelers must obtain a visa from the Bangladeshi Embassy or a consulate in the U.S. before traveling. Visas are typically valid for multiple entries over 1-5 years, depending on the travel purpose, and cost USD 160.
What are the visa requirements for Indian citizens traveling to Bangladesh?
Indian citizens need a visa to enter Bangladesh, though holders of diplomatic and official passports may be exempt from this requirement.
Is Bangladesh a safe destination for female travelers?
Bangladesh is considered unsafe for solo female travelers at night. The rate of crimes, especially in urban and rural areas after dark, is significant. It is advisable for women to avoid traveling alone during these times.
